The {global|international|worldwide} demand for acrylic acid (AA) is {increasing|growing|escalating|rising} {due to|because of|as a result of|on account of|resulting from|as a consequence of} its wide {range of|selection of|array of} applications. {Due to|Because of|As a result of|On account of|Resulting from|As a consequence of} this {growing|expanding|developing|increasing} demand, {alternative|option} AA production {strategies|methods|techniques|approaches|tactics} {must be|should be|has to be|have to be} explored {to avoid|to prevent} the exacerbation of prevailing climate and {global|international|worldwide} warming {issues|problems|concerns|troubles|difficulties|challenges} {since|because|given that|considering that|due to the fact|considering the fact that} {current|present|existing} AA production {strategies|methods|techniques|approaches|tactics} involve AA production {using|utilizing|making use of|employing|working with|applying} fossil {resources|sources}. Investigations on {alternative|option} {strategies|methods|techniques|approaches|tactics} for AA production {therefore|consequently|as a result|for that reason|thus|hence} constitute {an important|an essential|a crucial|a vital} {research|study|analysis|investigation} interest. The present study {therefore|consequently|as a result|for that reason|thus|hence} assesses waste apple pomace (WAP) as a feedstock for the sustainable AA produc-tion. To undertake this assessment, {process|procedure|method|approach|course of action} models, {based on|according to|depending on|determined by} two production pathways {were|had been|have been} {designed|developed|created|made}, modelled and simulated in ASPEN plus® {software|software program|computer software|application}. The two competing production pathways investigated {include|consist of|contain|incorporate|include things like|involve} a {process|procedure|method|approach|course of action} incorporating WAP conversion to lactic acid (LA), {prior to|before} LA dehydration to {generate|produce|create} AA (denoted {as the|because the} FD pathway) and {another|an additional|yet another|one more|a different|a further} {process|procedure|method|approach|course of action} involving WAP conversion to propylene, {prior to|before} propylene oxidation to {generate|produce|create} AA (denoted {as the|because the} TFO pathway). {Economic|Financial} and environmental performances {of the|from the|in the|on the|with the|of your} FD and TFO pathways {were|had been|have been} assessed {via|by way of|through|by means of} the minimum {selling|promoting} {price|cost|value|price tag} (MSP) and {potential|possible|prospective} environmental impacts per h (PEI/h) metrics. The study was {able|in a position|capable} to show that the FD pathway presented an {improved|enhanced} {economic|financial} {performance|overall performance|efficiency|functionality} (MSP of AA: US $1.17 per kg) {performance|overall performance|efficiency|functionality} {compared to|in comparison to|in comparison with|when compared with} the {economic|financial} {performance|overall performance|efficiency|functionality} (MSP of AA: US $1.56 per kg) {of the|from the|in the|on the|with the|of your} TFO pathway. Crucially, the TFO {process|procedure|method|approach|course of action} was shown to present an {improved|enhanced} environmental {performance|overall performance|efficiency|functionality} ({2|two}.07 kPEI/h) {compared to|in comparison to|in comparison with|when compared with} the environmental {performance|overall performance|efficiency|functionality} {of the|from the|in the|on the|with the|of your} FD {process|procedure|method|approach|course of action} ({8|eight}.72 kPEI/h). These observations sug-gests that the {selection of|choice of|collection of} the preferred AA production will {require|need|demand|call for} a trade-off {between|in between|among|amongst|involving} the {performance|overall performance|efficiency|functionality} measures, {and the|and also the|as well as the|along with the|plus the} integration of a multi-criteria {decision|choice|selection} assessment in future {work|function|perform|operate}. BuyTetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin Formula of 947275-74-3 PMID:23398362
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