CO2 dissolved in aqueous {solutions|options} is of wide ranging {importance|significance|value} from CO2 capture, storage and photo-/electro-reduction {in the|within the|inside the} fight against {global|international|worldwide} warming, to CO2 {analysis|evaluation} in {various|numerous|different|a variety of|several|many} liquids {including|such as|which includes|like} {natural|all-natural|organic} waterbodies and {consumer|customer} drinking {products|goods|items|merchandise|solutions}. {Here|Right here} we {developed|created} micro-scale infrared (IR) spectroscopy for in-situ dynamic monitoring and quantitating CO2(aq) in aqueous {solutions|options} with {high|higher} time resolutions {under|below|beneath} {various|numerous|different|a variety of|several|many} {conditions|circumstances|situations} {including|such as|which includes|like} CO2 gas bubbling and {high|higher} pressures. The quantized CO2(g) rotational state transitions {were|had been|have been} observed to quench when dissolved in water to {form|type|kind} CO2(aq) solvated by water molecules, accompanied by {increased|elevated|improved|enhanced} H2O IR absorption. An {accurate|correct|precise} CO2 molar extinction coefficient ε was derived for in-situ CO2(aq) quantification {up to|as much as} 58 atm. For {the first|the very first|the initial} time, we {directly|straight} measured CO2(aq) concentrations in electrolytes {under|below|beneath} CO2(g) bubbling and {high|higher} {pressure|stress} {conditions|circumstances|situations}. In KHCO3 electrolytes with CO2(aq) > ~ 1 M, CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR) to formate reaches > 98% Faradaic efficiencies on copper (Cu2O/Cu) {based|primarily based} electrocatalyst. {Further|Additional}, we probed CO2 dissolution/desolvation kinetics {important|essential|crucial|critical|significant|vital} to {energy|power} and environmental applications dynamically, revealing {large|big|huge|massive|substantial|significant} hysteresis and ultra-slow reversal of CO2(aq) supersaturation in water, with implications to CO2 capture, storage and supersaturation phenomena in {natural|all-natural|organic} water bodies. Methyl 7-bromo-1H-indole-6-carboxylate structure Isoxazol-4-ylmethanol custom synthesis PMID:34816786
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