Atomic layer deposition (ALD) {allows|enables|permits|makes it possible for} {for a|to get a|for any} {great|fantastic|excellent|wonderful|good|terrific} {level of|degree of|amount of} {control|manage|handle} {over|more than} the thickness and stoichiometry of {materials|supplies|components}. ALD {provides|offers|gives|supplies|delivers} a {suitable|appropriate} route to deposit lead halides, which can {further|additional} be converted to perovskite for photovoltaics, photoemission, and photodetection, {among|amongst} other applications. Deposition of lead halides by ALD has {already|currently} begun {to be|to become} explored; {however|nevertheless|nonetheless|even so|on the other hand|having said that}, the precursors {used|utilized|employed|utilised|applied|made use of} in published processes are {highly|extremely|very|hugely} hazardous, {require|need|demand|call for} {expensive|costly|pricey|high-priced|high priced|highly-priced} fabrication processes, or {contain|include} impurities {that can|that may|that will|that could|which will|which can} jeopardize the optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites {after|following|right after|soon after|immediately after|just after} conversion. We sought to deposit lead iodide (PbI2) by a facile ALD {process|procedure|method|approach|course of action} involving only two readily accessible, low-cost precursors and {without|with out|without having|with no|devoid of|without the need of} involving any {unwanted|undesirable} impurities that could act as recombination centers {once|as soon as|when|after} the PbI2 is later converted to perovskite. Crystalline PbI2 nanocrystals {were|had been|have been} grown on soda-lime glass (SLG), silicon dioxide {support|assistance|help} grids, and silicon wafer substrates and {provide|offer|supply|give|present|deliver} the groundwork for {further|additional} investigation into {developing|creating|building|establishing} lead halide perovskite processes by ALD. The ALD-grown PbI2 was characterized by annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), {among|amongst} other {methods|techniques|strategies|approaches|procedures|solutions}. This {work|function|perform|operate} presents {the first|the very first|the initial} step to synthesize lead halide perovskites with atomic {control|manage|handle} for applications {such as|like|including|for example|for instance|which include} interfacial layers in photovoltaics and for deposition in microcavities for lasing. 3945-69-5 Data Sheet 4-Chloro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine Chemical name PMID:22664133
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