β-Naphthol reds are a group of {widely|extensively|broadly} {used|utilized|employed|utilised|applied|made use of} pigments with prominent historical, {commercial|industrial}, and cultural significance. In in-dustry, and {especially|particularly|specifically|specially|in particular} {within the|inside the} art and heritage {community|neighborhood}, {they are|they’re|they may be} {known as|referred to as|called|generally known as} azo pigments. {However|Nevertheless|Nonetheless|Even so|On the other hand|Having said that}, β-naphthols, {very|extremely|really|quite|incredibly|pretty} {often|frequently|usually|typically|generally|normally}, {are not|aren’t|usually are not|will not be|are certainly not|are usually not} azo pigments. {Due to|Because of|As a result of|On account of|Resulting from|As a consequence of} enol/keto tautomerization {of the|from the|in the|on the|with the|of your} 1-arylhydrazone-2-naphthol skeleton, these pigments oftentimes crystallize as hydrazones (keto). {Therefore|Consequently|As a result|For that reason|Thus|Hence}, {proper|correct|appropriate|suitable|right} characterization is {necessary|essential|required|needed|important|vital} for understanding their intrinsic physicochemical properties and chemical reactivity {in the|within the|inside the} {solid|strong} state, {as well|also|too|at the same time} as stability and lightfastness. {Here|Right here}, we focused on two representative β-naphthol reds, pigment red 40 (PR40) and pigment red {4|four} (PR4). {Using|Utilizing|Making use of|Employing|Working with|Applying} single-crystal X-ray diffraction, we {provide|offer|supply|give|present|deliver} decisive proof that {both|each} {of these|of those} pigments are keto/hydrazones {in the|within the|inside the} {solid|strong} state. {Therefore|Consequently|As a result|For that reason|Thus|Hence}, the frequent {yet|however|but} erroneous designation as azo pigments {should be|ought to be|needs to be|must be|really should be|need to be} avoided. To confirm the bulk structure, we performed powder diffraction experiments, followed by Rietveld refinement. We complemented the diffraction experiments with spectroscopic (IR, Raman, UV-vis) and thermal (TGA, DSC) analyses. {Furthermore|Moreover|In addition|Additionally}, we studied the lightfastness of {both|each} chromophores in {solution|answer|remedy|resolution|option} and {solid|strong} state. {While|Whilst|Although|Even though|When|Though} the {solid|strong} state pigments {were|had been|have been} {stable|steady} {over|more than} the course {of the|from the|in the|on the|with the|of your} experiment, UV irradiation of {solutions|options} resulted in degradation, which was studied by chromatographic and mass-spec {techniques|methods|strategies|tactics|approaches|procedures}. We hope that this {research|study|analysis|investigation} will bring to light the necessity of {proper|correct|appropriate|suitable|right} solid-state characterization of β-naphthol reds, {as well|also|too|at the same time} as pigments as a {whole|entire|complete}. [2,2′-Bipyridine]-5,5′-dicarboxaldehyde custom synthesis 2212021-56-0 site PMID:24423657
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