Ultra-high sensitivity measurement of DNA sequences with conducting polymer-modified electrodes: mechanism, large-scale manufacture, and prospects for {rapid|fast|speedy} polymerase chain reaction measurement (e-PCR)

At low copy {number|quantity}, sequence detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) {requires|demands|needs|calls for} {up to|as much as} 30 cycles (amplification by a {factor|aspect|element|issue} of 109) to {produce|create|generate|make} a reliably detectable…

A Potential–dependent Thiele Modulus to Quantify the Effectiveness of Porous Electrocatalysts

Electrochemical reactors {often|frequently|usually|typically|generally|normally} employ {high|higher} surface {area|region|location} electrocatalysts to accelerate volumetric reaction {rates|prices} and {increase|improve|boost|enhance|raise} productivity. {While|Whilst|Although|Even though|When|Though} electrocatalysts can alleviate kinetic overpotentials, diffusional resistances {at the|in the} pore-scale {often|frequently|usually|typically|generally|normally}…