Excited state quenching {is a|is really a|is actually a|can be a|is often a|is usually a} {key|important|crucial|essential} step in photochemical reactions that involve {energy|power} or electron transfer. {High|Higher} reaction quantum yields {require|need|demand|call for} sufficiently {high|higher} concentrations of quencher {to ensure|to make sure} {efficient|effective} quenching. Determination of quencher concentrations is {typically|usually|normally|generally|commonly|ordinarily} {done|carried out|completed|accomplished|performed} {through|via|by means of|by way of} trial and error. {Using|Utilizing|Making use of|Employing|Working with|Applying} kinetic modeling, {however|nevertheless|nonetheless|even so|on the other hand|having said that}, a {simple|easy|straightforward|basic|uncomplicated|very simple} {relationship|partnership|connection} was {developed|created} that predicts the concentration of quencher {necessary|essential|required|needed|important|vital} to quench 90% of excited states, {using|utilizing|making use of|employing|working with|applying} only the photosensitizer lifetime {and the|and also the|as well as the|along with the|plus the} {rate|price} {constant|continuous|continual} for quenching as inputs. Comparison of predicted quencher concentrations and quencher concentrations {used|utilized|employed|utilised|applied|made use of} in photoredox reactions featuring acridinium-based photocatalysts reveals that the majority of reactions {used|utilized|employed|utilised|applied|made use of} quencher concentrations {significantly|considerably|substantially|drastically} {below|beneath|under} the predicted concentration. This suggests these reactions exhibit low quantum yields, requiring {long|lengthy|extended} reaction {times|occasions|instances} and/or intense light sources. 3-Bromo-6-chloro-2-methoxypyridine In stock 9-Oxo-9H-fluorene-4-carboxylic acid custom synthesis PMID:32926338
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