Precise {control|manage|handle} of electron density at catalyst active {sites|websites|web sites|internet sites|web-sites|web pages} enables regulation of surface chemistry for optimal {rate|price} and selectivity to {products|goods|items|merchandise|solutions}. {Here|Right here}, an ultrathin catalytic film of amorphous alumina ({4|four} nm) was integrated into a catalytic condenser device that enabled tunable electron depletion {from the|in the} alumina active layer and correspondingly stronger Lewis acidity. The catalytic condenser had the following structure: amorphous alumina/graphene/HfO2 dielectric (70 nm)/p-type Si. Application of {positive|good|optimistic|constructive} voltages {up to|as much as} +3 V {between|in between|among|amongst|involving} graphene {and the|and also the|as well as the|along with the|plus the} p-type Si resulted in electrons flowing out {of the|from the|in the|on the|with the|of your} alumina; {positive|good|optimistic|constructive} charge accumulated {in the|within the|inside the} catalyst. Temperature programmed surface reaction of thermocatalytic isopropanol dehydration to propene {on the|around the} charged alumina surface revealed a shift {in the|within the|inside the} propene formation peak temperature of {up to|as much as} ΔT(peak)~50 ⁰C relative {to the|towards the|for the} uncharged film, {consistent|constant} {with a|having a|using a} 16 kJ/mol (0.17 eV) reduction {in the|within the|inside the} apparent activation {energy|power}. Electrical characterization {of the|from the|in the|on the|with the|of your} thin amorphous alumina film by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) indicates the film {is a|is really a|is actually a|can be a|is often a|is usually a} defective semiconductor with an appreciable density of in-gap electronic states. Density functional theory calculations of isopropanol binding {on the|around the} pentacoordinate aluminum active {sites|websites|web sites|internet sites|web-sites|web pages} indicate {significant|substantial|considerable|important} binding {energy|power} {changes|modifications|adjustments|alterations} (ΔBE) {up to|as much as} 60 kJ/mol (0.62 eV) for 0.125 e- depletion per active {site|website|web site|internet site|web-site|web page}, supporting the experimental findings. {Overall|General|All round}, {the results|the outcomes} indicate that continuous and {fast|quick|quickly|rapidly|rapid|speedy} electronic {control|manage|handle} of thermocatalysis {can be|may be|could be|might be|is often|is usually} {achieved|accomplished} {with the|using the|with all the|together with the} catalytic condenser device. 4-Bromo-3-methoxypyridine hydrochloride site Price of Bromo-PEG3-C2-acid PMID:24187611
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