airy farming {is a|is really a|is actually a|can be a|is often a|is usually a} multi-billion {USD} {industry|business|market|sector} that {provides|offers|gives|supplies|delivers} {essential|important|crucial|vital|necessary|critical} {food|meals} {products|goods|items|merchandise|solutions}. {At the|In the} {same|exact same|identical|very same|similar} time, the millions of animals that this {industry|business|market|sector} oversees {generate|produce|create} a {massive|huge|enormous} environmental footprint (affecting air, land, and water {quality|high quality|top quality|good quality|excellent|high-quality}). {Specifically|Particularly|Especially}, livestock manure {is a|is really a|is actually a|can be a|is often a|is usually a} carbon- and nutrient-rich waste stream {that is|that’s|which is|that is certainly|that is definitely|that may be} routinely {used|utilized|employed|utilised|applied|made use of} as fertilizer. This practice enables nutrient recycling {but also|but additionally|but in addition} {leads to|results in} emissions of greenhouse gases and to nutrient pollution of soils and waterbodies. Mitigating these environmental impacts {requires|demands|needs|calls for} investment in manure processing technologies; identifying and prioritizing investment {strategies|methods|techniques|approaches|tactics} {requires|demands|needs|calls for} understanding inherent conflicts (trade-offs) and synergies that exist {between|in between|among|amongst|involving} {economic|financial} and environmental impacts. {In this|Within this} {work|function|perform|operate}, we present a conflict {analysis|evaluation} and resolution framework that integrates techno-economic {analysis|evaluation} (TEA), life cycle assessment (LCA), and {supply|provide} chain (SC) optimization. We use this framework to investigate deployment scenarios of manure processing pathways {in the|within the|inside the} Upper Yahara watershed {region|area} of Wisconsin; {here|right here}, we evaluate LCA metrics (GHG emissions, ammonia emissions, fossil {energy|power} use, and nutrient pollution) and TEA metrics ({cost|price|expense} and {revenue|income}) for {different|various|distinct|diverse|unique|distinctive} pathways that {include|consist of|contain|incorporate|include things like|involve} manure collection, storage, application, and processing {steps|actions|measures|methods}. The LCA and TEA metrics are embedded {within|inside} a SC optimization model that {makes|tends to make} {decisions|choices} on {technology|technologies} {selection|choice} and geographical placement and on {product|item|solution} transport {in the|within the|inside the} study {area|region|location}. A conflict resolution {procedure|process} is {used|utilized|employed|utilised|applied|made use of} to {explore|discover} trade-offs {associated|related|connected|linked} with these {decisions|choices} and to {identify|determine|recognize} optimal compromise {solutions|options} that {best|very best|greatest|ideal|finest|most effective} balance trade-offs. Our {results|outcomes|final results|benefits} reveal that there exist non-obvious conflicts and synergies {between|in between|among|amongst|involving} the explored metrics {that can be|that may be} exploited to mitigate {multiple|numerous|several|a number of|many|various} impacts simultaneously. We also {find|discover|locate|uncover|come across|obtain} that the deployment of a diverse set of technologies is {needed|required|necessary} to {fully|totally|completely} resolve conflicts. The {impact|influence|effect} of emerging technologies (ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis) and government incentives {is also|can also be} discussed. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Formula 1414958-33-0 site PMID:23671446
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