. Nutr. 2000, 130, 2285?291.2. 3.four.Nutrients 2013, 5 5.six. 7.8.9. ten. 11. 12. 13. 14.15. 16.17.18.19. 20.Turpeinen, A.M.; Mutanen, M.; Aro, A.; Salminen, I.; Basu, S.; Palmquist, D.L.; Griinari, J.M. Bioconversion of vaccenic acid to conjugated linoleic acid in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002, 76, 504?10. Baumgard, L.H.; Corl, B.A.; Dwyer, D.A.; Saebo, A.; Bauman, D.E. Identification from the conjugated linoleic acid isomer that inhibits milk fat synthesis. Am. J. Physiol. 2000, 278, R179 184. Renner, L.; Pappritz, J.; Kramer, R.; D l, S.; Jahreis, G.; D icke, S. Fatty acid profile and proliferation of bovine blood mononuclear cells soon after conjugated linoleic acid supplementation. Lipids Health Dis. 2012, 11, 63. Renner, L.; von Soosten, D.; Sipka, A.; D l, S.; Beineke, A.; Schuberth, H.J.; D icke, S. Impact of trans-10,cis-12 and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on proliferation and cytokine expression of bovine PBMC and splenocytes ex vivo.5-Bromo-3-fluoropyridine-2-carbaldehyde Chemical name Arch. Anim. Nutr. 2012, 66, 73?5. Hellgren, L.I. Phytanic acid��An overlooked bioactive fatty acid in dairy fat? Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2010, 1190, 42?9. Verhoeven, N.M.; Jakobs, C. Human metabolism of phytanic acid and pristanic acid. Prog. Lipid Res. 2001, 40, 453?66. Patton, S.; Benson, A.A. Phytol metabolism in the bovine. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1966, 125, 22?2. Avigan, J. The presence of phytanic acid in regular human and animal plasma. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1966, 116, 391?94. Thompson, G.E.; Christie, W.W. Extraction of plasma triacylglycerols by the mammary gland on the lactating cow. J. Dairy Res. 1991, 58, 251?55. Price, A.J.; Allen, N.E.; Appleby, P.N.; Crowe, F.L.; Jenab, M.; Rinaldi, S.; Slimani, N.; Kaaks, R.; Rohrmann, S.; Boeing, H.; et al. Plasma phytanic acid concentration and threat of prostate cancer: Outcomes from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2010, 91, 1769?776. Wanders, R.J.A.; Komen, J.; Ferdinandusse, S. Phytanic acid metabolism in overall health and illness. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2011, 1811, 498?07. Kitareewan, S.; Burka, L.T.; Tomer, K.B.; Parker, C.E.; Deterding, L.J.; Stevens, R.D.; Forman, B.M.; Mais, D.E.; Heyman, R.A.; McMorris, T.(3,5-Difluoropyridin-2-yl)methanol Data Sheet ; et al.PMID:25955218 Phytol metabolites are circulating dietary factors that activate the nuclear receptor RXR. Mol. Biol. Cell 1996, 7, 1153?166. Ellinghaus, P.; Wolfrum, C.; Assmann, G.; Spener, F.; Seedorf, U. Phytanic acid activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in sterol carrier protein 2-/sterol carrier protein x-deficient mice. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274, 2766?772. Moya-Camarena, S.Y.; Vanden Heuvel, J.P.; Blanchard, S.G.; Leesnitzer, L.A.; Belury, M.A. Conjugated linoleic acid can be a potent naturally occurring ligand and activator of PPAR alpha. J. Lipid Res. 1999, 40, 1426?433. McCarty, M.F. The chlorophyll metabolite phytanic acid is really a natural rexinoid��Potential for remedy and prevention of diabetes. Med. Hypotheses 2001, 56, 217?19. Renner, L.; Schwabe, A.; D l, S.; H tershinken, M.; D icke, S. Effect of rare earth elements on beef cattle growth efficiency, blood clinical chemical parameters and mitogen stimulated proliferation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro and ex vivo. Toxicol. Lett. 2011, 201, 277?84.Nutrients 2013,21. O’Brien, J.; Wilson, I.; Orton, T.; Pognan, F. Investigation in the Alamar Blue (resazurin) fluorescent dye for the assessment of mammalian cell cytotoxicity. Eur. J. Biochem. 2000, 267, 5421?426. 22. Rukkwamsuk, T.; Geelen, M.